

Main Currents of Marxism by Leszek Kołakowski, translated by P. S. Falla
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Main Currents of Marxism" by Leszek Kołakowski, translated by P. S. Falla: "Main Currents of Marxism" by Leszek Kołakowski is a monumental intellectual history that traces the evolution of Marxist thought from its origins to the twentieth century. Kołakowski, a former Marxist philosopher turned critic, offers a comprehensive and critical examination of Marxism as both a philosophical system and a political ideology. Divided into three volumes—covering the founders (Marx and Engels), the Golden Age of Marxism (including figures like Kautsky, Bernstein, Luxemburg, and Lenin), and the breakdown of Marxism in the 20th century—this work exposes the inner contradictions and transformations within Marxist theory and practice. Kołakowski addresses how Marxism, originally intended as a doctrine of human emancipation, often evolved into dogmatic orthodoxy and was appropriated by totalitarian regimes. Yet, he also acknowledges the philosophical depth and historical significance of Marxism, engaging seriously with its contributions to social thought, political economy, and critiques of capitalism. His critical but balanced approach makes Main Currents of Marxism one of the most significant studies of Marxism, reflecting on its legacy and its impact on modern intellectual and political life.